4D Printing of Weather Resistant Structures Reinforced with Functionalised Graphene Nanoplatelets

Mohamad Alsaadi; Eoin P. Hinchy; Conor T. McCarthy; Tielidy A.de M. de Lima; Alexandre Portela; Tristan Coudray; Declan M. Devine

doi:10.1007/978-981-97-8712-8_24

4D Printing of Weather Resistant Structures Reinforced with Functionalised Graphene Nanoplatelets

Mohamad Alsaadi
, Eoin P. Hinchy
, Conor T. McCarthy
, Tielidy A.de M. de Lima
, Alexandre Portela
, Tristan Coudray
, Declan M. Devine

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

In this study, a UV-based Fig. 4® 3D printer has been utilized for the 4D printing of polymeric-based structures. This work focus on developing a methacrylate-based resin by incorporating modified graphene nanoplatelets to examine the thermal characteristics and shape memory behaviour under 1000 h of accelerated weathering ageing. The 3DPd components exhibited improvement in the storage modulus and glass transition temperature results after including graphene nanoplatelets and accelerated weathering ageing. The results indicated that the direct shape recovery at high temperature (90 ℃) is faster than the gradual recovery from room temperature to high temperature (90 ℃) by 230% for the flat-3D printed and 46% for circular-3D printed structures, respectively. The recovery of the flat and circular structures were greater than 93%. The developed shape memory structures exhibited an extraordinary durability of 22 cycle-life. This study assists in a deep understanding of the temperature-time-shape memory behaviour in terms of shape recovery and shape fixity, which can provide new knowledge in developing and expanding 4D printing in various engineering applications like soft robots as actuators and thermal sensors or aerospace as self-deploying structures.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of the ICSDI 2024 - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sustainability
Subtitle of host publication	Developments and Innovations
Editors	Yasser Mansour, Umashankar Subramaniam, Zahiraniza Mustaffa, Abdelhakim Abdelhadi, Mohamed Ezzat, Eman Abowardah
Publisher	Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Pages	188-195
Number of pages	8
ISBN (Print)	9789819787111
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8712-8_24
Publication status	Published - 2025
Event	2nd International Conference on Sustainability: Developments and Innovations, ICSDI 2024 - Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Duration: 18 Feb 2024 → 22 Feb 2024

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering
Volume	556 LNCE
ISSN (Print)	2366-2557
ISSN (Electronic)	2366-2565

Conference

Conference	2nd International Conference on Sustainability: Developments and Innovations, ICSDI 2024
Country/Territory	Saudi Arabia
City	Riyadh
Period	18/02/24 → 22/02/24

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 9 Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

Keywords

3D printing
Accelerated weathering
Graphene nanoplatelets
Shape memory polymers
Sustainable materials
Thermal properties

Access to Document

10.1007/978-981-97-8712-8_24

Cite this

Alsaadi, M., Hinchy, E. P., McCarthy, C. T., de Lima, T. A. D. M., Portela, A., Coudray, T., & Devine, D. M. (2025). 4D Printing of Weather Resistant Structures Reinforced with Functionalised Graphene Nanoplatelets. In Y. Mansour, U. Subramaniam, Z. Mustaffa, A. Abdelhadi, M. Ezzat, & E. Abowardah (Eds.), Proceedings of the ICSDI 2024 - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sustainability: Developments and Innovations (pp. 188-195). (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering; Vol. 556 LNCE). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8712-8_24

Alsaadi, Mohamad ; Hinchy, Eoin P. ; McCarthy, Conor T. et al. / 4D Printing of Weather Resistant Structures Reinforced with Functionalised Graphene Nanoplatelets. Proceedings of the ICSDI 2024 - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sustainability: Developments and Innovations. editor / Yasser Mansour ; Umashankar Subramaniam ; Zahiraniza Mustaffa ; Abdelhakim Abdelhadi ; Mohamed Ezzat ; Eman Abowardah. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025. pp. 188-195 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering).

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title = "4D Printing of Weather Resistant Structures Reinforced with Functionalised Graphene Nanoplatelets",

abstract = "In this study, a UV-based Fig. 4{\textregistered} 3D printer has been utilized for the 4D printing of polymeric-based structures. This work focus on developing a methacrylate-based resin by incorporating modified graphene nanoplatelets to examine the thermal characteristics and shape memory behaviour under 1000 h of accelerated weathering ageing. The 3DPd components exhibited improvement in the storage modulus and glass transition temperature results after including graphene nanoplatelets and accelerated weathering ageing. The results indicated that the direct shape recovery at high temperature (90 ℃) is faster than the gradual recovery from room temperature to high temperature (90 ℃) by 230\% for the flat-3D printed and 46\% for circular-3D printed structures, respectively. The recovery of the flat and circular structures were greater than 93\%. The developed shape memory structures exhibited an extraordinary durability of 22 cycle-life. This study assists in a deep understanding of the temperature-time-shape memory behaviour in terms of shape recovery and shape fixity, which can provide new knowledge in developing and expanding 4D printing in various engineering applications like soft robots as actuators and thermal sensors or aerospace as self-deploying structures.",

keywords = "3D printing, Accelerated weathering, Graphene nanoplatelets, Shape memory polymers, Sustainable materials, Thermal properties",

author = "Mohamad Alsaadi and Hinchy, \{Eoin P.\} and McCarthy, \{Conor T.\} and \{de Lima\}, \{Tielidy A.de M.\} and Alexandre Portela and Tristan Coudray and Devine, \{Declan M.\}",

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year = "2025",

doi = "10.1007/978-981-97-8712-8\_24",

language = "English",

isbn = "9789819787111",

series = "Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering",

publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH",

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editor = "Yasser Mansour and Umashankar Subramaniam and Zahiraniza Mustaffa and Abdelhakim Abdelhadi and Mohamed Ezzat and Eman Abowardah",

booktitle = "Proceedings of the ICSDI 2024 - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sustainability",

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Alsaadi, M, Hinchy, EP , McCarthy, CT, de Lima, TADM, Portela, A, Coudray, T & Devine, DM 2025, 4D Printing of Weather Resistant Structures Reinforced with Functionalised Graphene Nanoplatelets. in Y Mansour, U Subramaniam, Z Mustaffa, A Abdelhadi, M Ezzat & E Abowardah (eds), Proceedings of the ICSDI 2024 - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sustainability: Developments and Innovations. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol. 556 LNCE, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, pp. 188-195, 2nd International Conference on Sustainability: Developments and Innovations, ICSDI 2024, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 18/02/24. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8712-8_24

4D Printing of Weather Resistant Structures Reinforced with Functionalised Graphene Nanoplatelets. / Alsaadi, Mohamad; Hinchy, Eoin P.; McCarthy, Conor T. et al.
Proceedings of the ICSDI 2024 - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sustainability: Developments and Innovations. ed. / Yasser Mansour; Umashankar Subramaniam; Zahiraniza Mustaffa; Abdelhakim Abdelhadi; Mohamed Ezzat; Eman Abowardah. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025. p. 188-195 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering; Vol. 556 LNCE).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - 4D Printing of Weather Resistant Structures Reinforced with Functionalised Graphene Nanoplatelets

AU - Alsaadi, Mohamad

AU - Hinchy, Eoin P.

AU - McCarthy, Conor T.

AU - de Lima, Tielidy A.de M.

AU - Portela, Alexandre

AU - Coudray, Tristan

AU - Devine, Declan M.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - In this study, a UV-based Fig. 4® 3D printer has been utilized for the 4D printing of polymeric-based structures. This work focus on developing a methacrylate-based resin by incorporating modified graphene nanoplatelets to examine the thermal characteristics and shape memory behaviour under 1000 h of accelerated weathering ageing. The 3DPd components exhibited improvement in the storage modulus and glass transition temperature results after including graphene nanoplatelets and accelerated weathering ageing. The results indicated that the direct shape recovery at high temperature (90 ℃) is faster than the gradual recovery from room temperature to high temperature (90 ℃) by 230% for the flat-3D printed and 46% for circular-3D printed structures, respectively. The recovery of the flat and circular structures were greater than 93%. The developed shape memory structures exhibited an extraordinary durability of 22 cycle-life. This study assists in a deep understanding of the temperature-time-shape memory behaviour in terms of shape recovery and shape fixity, which can provide new knowledge in developing and expanding 4D printing in various engineering applications like soft robots as actuators and thermal sensors or aerospace as self-deploying structures.

AB - In this study, a UV-based Fig. 4® 3D printer has been utilized for the 4D printing of polymeric-based structures. This work focus on developing a methacrylate-based resin by incorporating modified graphene nanoplatelets to examine the thermal characteristics and shape memory behaviour under 1000 h of accelerated weathering ageing. The 3DPd components exhibited improvement in the storage modulus and glass transition temperature results after including graphene nanoplatelets and accelerated weathering ageing. The results indicated that the direct shape recovery at high temperature (90 ℃) is faster than the gradual recovery from room temperature to high temperature (90 ℃) by 230% for the flat-3D printed and 46% for circular-3D printed structures, respectively. The recovery of the flat and circular structures were greater than 93%. The developed shape memory structures exhibited an extraordinary durability of 22 cycle-life. This study assists in a deep understanding of the temperature-time-shape memory behaviour in terms of shape recovery and shape fixity, which can provide new knowledge in developing and expanding 4D printing in various engineering applications like soft robots as actuators and thermal sensors or aerospace as self-deploying structures.

KW - 3D printing

KW - Accelerated weathering

KW - Graphene nanoplatelets

KW - Shape memory polymers

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ER -

Alsaadi M, Hinchy EP , McCarthy CT, de Lima TADM, Portela A, Coudray T et al. 4D Printing of Weather Resistant Structures Reinforced with Functionalised Graphene Nanoplatelets. In Mansour Y, Subramaniam U, Mustaffa Z, Abdelhadi A, Ezzat M, Abowardah E, editors, Proceedings of the ICSDI 2024 - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sustainability: Developments and Innovations. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. 2025. p. 188-195. (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering). doi: 10.1007/978-981-97-8712-8_24

4D Printing of Weather Resistant Structures Reinforced with Functionalised Graphene Nanoplatelets

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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