A simple model to estimate yield stress and variation of hardness in railheads

This technical note presents a macroscopic model capable of estimating the variation of hardness and yield stress at different railhead distances (depths) from the running surface. Published data, including results reported in previous works by the authors, have been utilised to calibrate and test the validity of the model. From this preliminary investigation, it was found that the model can accurately predict the measured hardness and yield stress values. It was also found that the model can represent the variation profile exhibited in the examined railhead material. This model, subject to further validation, has the potential to be used in practical applications.