Addressing systemic workforce challenges in general practice—a qualitative study of general practitioners in Ireland

Background General practice across Europe faces a workforce crisis, with a projected shortfall of up to 1660 general practitioners in Ireland by 2028. While policy interventions have been proposed, a gap remains between the Irish health system's strategic objectives and the day-to-day realities experienced by general practitioners. Objective The aim of this study is to explore the perspectives of Irish general practitioners in addressing recruitment and retention challenges in general practice. Specific objectives include identifying solutions and the supports necessary for sustainable future general practice. Methods A qualitative study design was employed, utilizing semi-structured online interviews with general practitioners recruited through a network affiliated with a university. Thematic analysis was conducted by four experienced researchers. Data collection continued until thematic saturation was achieved. Results Three primary themes emerged: (i) Towards a More Effective Health Service—participants emphasized the necessity for a whole-system approach to address recruitment and retention shortfalls; (ii) Role Clarification, Boundary Setting, and Support—participants highlighted the need for role reallocation within multidisciplinary teams to allow them to focus on complex cases; and (iii) Practice-Level Response—digital infrastructure improvements and administrative task reallocation were identified as key strategies to reduce workload and enhance patient care. Conclusion To address the general practice workforce crisis, systemic reforms, expanded multidisciplinary teams, and practice-level adaptations are needed. The findings reflect the importance of general practitioner involvement in healthcare planning and policy development. These insights will inform targeted policy interventions in Ireland and in healthcare systems facing similar workforce challenges.