Affordable Robotics for STEM outreach in Irish Primary Schools

Equipping young learners with the skills and curiosity necessary for future careers in space science and engineering requires early, engaging, and inclusive educational experiences. This paper presents a practical, scalable outreach initiative designed to introduce primary school students in Ireland (ages 10-12, 5th and 6th class) to key STEM concepts using affordable robotics platforms as part of the Academy for Children programme at the University of Limerick, Ireland. By integrating accessible technologies-such as LEGO Boost and Arduino UNO/ESP32-based systems-into space-themed, project-based learning, the program aims to foster interest in engineering, electronics, and space exploration among diverse student groups. The initiative is grounded in hands-on, constructivist pedagogy and supports incremental learning, allowing students to start with simple programming tasks and progress to more complex robotics challenges. LEGO systems provide a scalable, intuitive interface ideal for younger learners, while Arduino UNO/ESP32-based solutions introduce basic electronics, sensors, and C-style programming, enabling more advanced experimentation. The content is contextualised within space exploration themes, including projects such as simulating Mars rover navigation, designing can-sized satellite systems, and programming spacecraft telemetry displays. Conducted through workshops, classroom integration, and after-school clubs, the initiative has been piloted across a range of school environments, including urban and rural settings. Case studies featured in the paper highlight both student projects and instructional strategies, emphasising accessibility and adaptability. Evaluation data collected through student reflections, educator feedback, and observational assessment indicate strong engagement across genders and increased interest in STEM subjects. Notably, the space context proved especially effective in sparking imagination and sustained participation. Aligned with the goals of the IAC E1.6 session, this work demonstrates how low-cost, modular robotics can serve as powerful tools for early STEM engagement and space education. It also addresses broader challenges in equity and access to space-themed learning, particularly in underserved communities. The findings support recommendations for integrating such technologies into formal and informal learning environments, and highlight opportunities for collaboration between schools, outreach organizations, and national space agencies. This paper concludes with a set of actionable insights for educators, policymakers, and outreach professionals seeking to inspire the next generation of scientists and engineers. By merging creativity, technology, and space exploration in an age-appropriate format, the initiative contributes to the growing movement toward innovative and inclusive STEM education on a global scale.