An interference aware energy efficient data transmission approach for smart cities healthcare systems

New and integrated smart cities concept have envisioned more smart and efficient networks for people's health, education, business, and living. Sustainable smart cities always looking for smart and more advanced systems. Smart healthcare is one of the prominent area and domain of smart cities where different types of applications are used for people's health and comfort. Smart health systems are further divided into different areas, such as e-health, e-medicine, personal assistant monitoring, and body area networks. Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) is one of the popular research area due to its impending use in emergencies such as monitoring and diagnosis patient's health. Sensor nodes are placed on or inside the human body where the implanted sensor performs the operations for a long time without any replacement of the battery. To avoid frequent change/replacement of the battery, energy management is essential and one of major concern. Facts show that most of the sensor networks use multi-hop and utilizes more resources. Energy-efficient routing protocols play a significant role in energy consumption. Due to the number of sensor nodes attached to the patient body, interference among sensors is one of the reasons for energy wastage. The co-channel interference increases the energy consumption because of the higher number of retransmission efforts required for successful transmission in the presence of interference. The main objective of this paper is to develop an Interference Aware Energy Efficient Transmission Protocol (IEETP) by utilizing the most appropriate routing metrics for smart health systems in smart cities. The proposed protocol selects the next forwarder node based on the residual energy of nodes, distance, node's position, and node density. The proposed protocol is a multi-hop protocol in which each source node forwards the data towards the coordinator node. The proposed protocol has evaluated with state-of-the-art protocols where the IEETP has higher performance in the network.