TY - JOUR
T1 - Bioactive properties of milk proteins in humans
T2 - A review
AU - Nongonierma, Alice B.
AU - FitzGerald, Richard J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2015/11/1
Y1 - 2015/11/1
N2 - Many studies have demonstrated that milk protein consumption has benefits in terms of promoting human health. This review assesses the intervention studies which have evaluated potential health enhancing effects in humans following the ingestion of milk proteins. The impact of milk protein ingestion has been studied to asses their satiating, hypotensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant and insulinotropic properties as well as their impact on morphological modifications (e.g., muscle and fat mass) in humans. Consistent health promoting effects appear to have been observed in certain instances (i.e., muscle protein synthesis, insulinotropic and hypotensive activity). However, controversial outcomes have also been reported (i.e., antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant properties). Several factors including interindividual differences, the timing of protein ingestion as well as the potency of the active components may explain these differences. In addition, processing conditions have been reported, in certain instances, to affect milk protein structure and therefore modify their bioactive potential. It is thought that the health promoting properties of milk proteins are linked to the release of bioactive peptides (BAPs) during gastrointestinal digestion. There is a need for further research to develop a more in-depth understanding on the possible mechanisms involved in the observed physiological effects. In addition, more carefully controlled and appropriately powered human intervention studies are required to demonstrate the health enhancing properties of milk proteins in humans.
AB - Many studies have demonstrated that milk protein consumption has benefits in terms of promoting human health. This review assesses the intervention studies which have evaluated potential health enhancing effects in humans following the ingestion of milk proteins. The impact of milk protein ingestion has been studied to asses their satiating, hypotensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant and insulinotropic properties as well as their impact on morphological modifications (e.g., muscle and fat mass) in humans. Consistent health promoting effects appear to have been observed in certain instances (i.e., muscle protein synthesis, insulinotropic and hypotensive activity). However, controversial outcomes have also been reported (i.e., antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant properties). Several factors including interindividual differences, the timing of protein ingestion as well as the potency of the active components may explain these differences. In addition, processing conditions have been reported, in certain instances, to affect milk protein structure and therefore modify their bioactive potential. It is thought that the health promoting properties of milk proteins are linked to the release of bioactive peptides (BAPs) during gastrointestinal digestion. There is a need for further research to develop a more in-depth understanding on the possible mechanisms involved in the observed physiological effects. In addition, more carefully controlled and appropriately powered human intervention studies are required to demonstrate the health enhancing properties of milk proteins in humans.
KW - Bioactive peptides
KW - Human studies
KW - Milk proteins
KW - Processing
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84940380637&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.08.009
DO - 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.08.009
M3 - Review article
C2 - 26297879
AN - SCOPUS:84940380637
SN - 0196-9781
VL - 73
SP - 20
EP - 34
JO - Peptides
JF - Peptides
M1 - 69536
ER -