Biomaterials and regenerative medicine in urology

N. F. Davis, E. M. Cunnane, M. R. Quinlan, J. J. Mulvihill, N. Lawrentschuk, D. M. Bolton, M. T. Walsh

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingChapterpeer-review

Abstract

Autologous gastrointestinal tissue is the gold standard biomaterial for urinary tract reconstruction despite its long-term neuromechanical and metabolic complications. Regenerative biomaterials have been proposed as alternatives; however many are limited by a poor host derived regenerative response and deficient supportive elements for effective tissue regeneration in vivo. Urological biomaterials are sub-classified into xenogenic extracellular matrices (ECMs) or synthetic polymers. ECMs are decellularised, biocompatible, biodegradable biomaterials derived from animal organs. Synthetic polymers vary in chemical composition but may have the benefit of being reliably reproducible from a manufacturing perspective. Urological biomaterials can be ‘seeded’ with regenerative stem cells in vitro to create composite biomaterials for grafting in vivo. Mesenchymal stem cells are advantageous for regenerative purposes as they self-renew, have long-term viability and possess multilineage differentiation potential. Currently, tissue-engineered biomaterials are developing rapidly in regenerative urology with many important clinical milestones achieved. To truly translate from bench to bedside, regenerative biomaterials need to provide better clinical outcomes than current urological tissue replacement strategies.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationAdvances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
PublisherSpringer New York LLC
Pages189-198
Number of pages10
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2018

Publication series

NameAdvances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
Volume1107
ISSN (Print)0065-2598
ISSN (Electronic)2214-8019

Keywords

  • Biomaterials
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Stem cells
  • Tissue engineering

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