Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of six blue whiting soluble protein hydrolysates (BWSPHs, BW-SPH-A to-F) and their simulated gastrointestinal digests (SGID, BW-SPH-A-GI to-F-GI) in murine RAW264.7 macrophages. Hydrolysate BW-SPH-A, both pre-and post-SGID, increased endogenous antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in tertbutylhydroperoxide (tBOOH)-treated cells and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in H2O2-challenged RAW264.7 cells compared with treated controls in the absence of BWSPHs (p < 0.05). BW-SPH-A-GI also exhibited higher ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) activities than the other BWSPHs tested (p < 0.05). All BWSPHs and SGID BWSPH samples induced immunostimulating effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 macrophages through the upregulation of NO production. BW-SPH-F-GI increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels compared with the LPS controls indicating the liberation of immunomodulatory peptide/amino acids during the SGID process. Therefore, BW-SPH-A and BW-SPH-F may have potential use against oxidative stress and immunosuppression-related diseases, respectively.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 9762 |
Journal | Applied Sciences (Switzerland) |
Volume | 11 |
Issue number | 20 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Oct 2021 |
Keywords
- Antioxidant
- Blue whiting
- Immunomodulatory
- Protein hydrolysates
- RAW264.7 cells