TY - JOUR
T1 - Carbohydrates for glycemic control
T2 - functional and microbiome aspects
AU - Hoffmann Sarda, Fabiana A.
AU - Giuntini, Eliana Bistriche
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2023/7/1
Y1 - 2023/7/1
N2 - Purpose of reviewGlycemia goals are used as indicators of control and progression in prediabetes and diabetes. Adopting healthy eating habits is essential. It is worth considering the quality of carbohydrates to help with dietary glycemic control. The present article aims to review recent meta-analyses published in the years 2021-2022 on the effects of dietary fiber and low glycemic index/load (LGI/LGL) foods on glycemic control and how gut microbiome modulation contributes to glycemic control.Recent findingsData involving more than 320 studies were reviewed. The evidence allows us to infer that LGI/LGL foods, including dietary fiber intake, are associated with reduced fasting glycemia and insulinemia, postprandial glycemic response, HOMA-IR, and glycated hemoglobin, which are more evident in soluble dietary fiber. These results can be correlated with changes in the gut microbiome. However, the mechanistic roles of microbes or metabolites implicated in these observations continue to be explored. Some controversial data highlight the need for more homogeneity between studies.SummaryThe properties of dietary fiber are reasonably well established for their glycemic homeostasis effects, including the fermentation aspects. Findings of gut microbiome correlations with glucose homeostasis can be incorporated into clinical nutrition practice. Target dietary fiber interventions on microbiome modulation can offer options to improve glucose control and contribute to personalized nutritional practices.
AB - Purpose of reviewGlycemia goals are used as indicators of control and progression in prediabetes and diabetes. Adopting healthy eating habits is essential. It is worth considering the quality of carbohydrates to help with dietary glycemic control. The present article aims to review recent meta-analyses published in the years 2021-2022 on the effects of dietary fiber and low glycemic index/load (LGI/LGL) foods on glycemic control and how gut microbiome modulation contributes to glycemic control.Recent findingsData involving more than 320 studies were reviewed. The evidence allows us to infer that LGI/LGL foods, including dietary fiber intake, are associated with reduced fasting glycemia and insulinemia, postprandial glycemic response, HOMA-IR, and glycated hemoglobin, which are more evident in soluble dietary fiber. These results can be correlated with changes in the gut microbiome. However, the mechanistic roles of microbes or metabolites implicated in these observations continue to be explored. Some controversial data highlight the need for more homogeneity between studies.SummaryThe properties of dietary fiber are reasonably well established for their glycemic homeostasis effects, including the fermentation aspects. Findings of gut microbiome correlations with glucose homeostasis can be incorporated into clinical nutrition practice. Target dietary fiber interventions on microbiome modulation can offer options to improve glucose control and contribute to personalized nutritional practices.
KW - dietary fiber
KW - glycemia
KW - meta-analysis
KW - microbiome
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85162032476&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000935
DO - 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000935
M3 - Review article
C2 - 37144465
AN - SCOPUS:85162032476
SN - 1363-1950
VL - 26
SP - 341
EP - 346
JO - Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
JF - Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
IS - 4
ER -