Casein-derived bioactive peptides

This chapter provides a review of casein-derived peptides highlighting their diverse biological activities and their potential applications. The current procedures for peptide generation using various methods, such as enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, and release upon gastrointestinal digestion, were investigated. This chapter also reviews the substantial in vitro and in vivo research findings that support particular biological activities, encompassing antioxidative, antidiabetic, antibacterial, cardioprotective, immunological modulatory, and opioid-like activity properties. Moreover, the identification of peptides exploiting in silico approaches has been explored followed by an enumeration of some commercial applications outlining how these peptides may be integrated into functional foods, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, and pharmaceuticals. Finally, the importance of focused research efforts aimed at optimizing the bioavailability and the health-promoting benefits of casein-derived peptides, thereby expanding their incorporation into a wide array of functional and health-promoting products is outlined.