TY - JOUR
T1 - Catalytically upgrading bio-oil via esterification
AU - Liu, Yichen
AU - Li, Zhonglai
AU - Leahy, James J.
AU - Kwapinski, Witold
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2015/6/18
Y1 - 2015/6/18
N2 - Sulfated ZrO2-TiO2 mixed oxides with different loading ratios were synthesized using a deposition precipitation approach. All catalysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the activities for esterification were compared using acetic acid and ethanol as the model reaction. A total of 93.7% acetic acid was converted into ester when 50 wt % ZrO2 loading catalyst was applied at 100 °C. The characterizations of original and upgraded bio-oil via esterification by applying sulfated 50 wt % ZrO2-TiO2 loading ratio catalyst were investigated. After upgrading, fuel properties of pyrolysis oil improved. Acetic acid peak area percentage dropped remarkably from 15.87 to 0.774%, indicating that the properties of bio-oil were enhanced by SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2 catalytic esterification. Because of ethanol addition, the water content in bio-oil decreased from 40 to 16.9% and the high heating value increased from 8.08 to 22.7 kJ/g.
AB - Sulfated ZrO2-TiO2 mixed oxides with different loading ratios were synthesized using a deposition precipitation approach. All catalysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the activities for esterification were compared using acetic acid and ethanol as the model reaction. A total of 93.7% acetic acid was converted into ester when 50 wt % ZrO2 loading catalyst was applied at 100 °C. The characterizations of original and upgraded bio-oil via esterification by applying sulfated 50 wt % ZrO2-TiO2 loading ratio catalyst were investigated. After upgrading, fuel properties of pyrolysis oil improved. Acetic acid peak area percentage dropped remarkably from 15.87 to 0.774%, indicating that the properties of bio-oil were enhanced by SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2 catalytic esterification. Because of ethanol addition, the water content in bio-oil decreased from 40 to 16.9% and the high heating value increased from 8.08 to 22.7 kJ/g.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84934961842&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00163
DO - 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00163
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84934961842
SN - 0887-0624
VL - 29
SP - 3691
EP - 3698
JO - Energy and Fuels
JF - Energy and Fuels
IS - 6
ER -
