TY - JOUR
T1 - Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Parkinson Treatment
T2 - Future Therapeutic Perspectives
AU - Jamebozorgi, Khosro
AU - Taghizadeh, Eskandar
AU - Rostami, Daryoush
AU - Pormasoumi, Hosein
AU - Barreto, George E.
AU - Hayat, Seyed Mohammad Gheibi
AU - Sahebkar, Amirhossein
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2019/7/1
Y1 - 2019/7/1
N2 - Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder accompanied by depletion of dopamine and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain that is believed to be responsible for the motor and non-motor symptoms in this disease. The main drug prescribed for Parkinsonian patients is l-dopa, which can be converted to dopamine by passing through the blood-brain barrier. Although l-dopa is able to improve motor function and improve the quality of life in the patients, there is inter-individual variability and some patients do not achieve the therapeutic effect. Variations in treatment response and side effects of current drugs have convinced scientists to think of treating Parkinson’s disease at the cellular and molecular level. Molecular and cellular therapy for Parkinson’s disease include (i) cell transplantation therapy with human embryonic stem (ES) cells, human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and human fetal mesencephalic tissue, (ii) immunological and inflammatory therapy which is done using antibodies, and (iii) gene therapy with AADC-TH-GCH gene therapy, viral vector-mediated gene delivery, RNA interference-based therapy, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system, and alternative methods such as optogenetics and chemogenetics. Although these methods currently have a series of challenges, they seem to be promising techniques for Parkinson’s treatment in future. In this study, these prospective therapeutic approaches are reviewed.
AB - Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder accompanied by depletion of dopamine and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain that is believed to be responsible for the motor and non-motor symptoms in this disease. The main drug prescribed for Parkinsonian patients is l-dopa, which can be converted to dopamine by passing through the blood-brain barrier. Although l-dopa is able to improve motor function and improve the quality of life in the patients, there is inter-individual variability and some patients do not achieve the therapeutic effect. Variations in treatment response and side effects of current drugs have convinced scientists to think of treating Parkinson’s disease at the cellular and molecular level. Molecular and cellular therapy for Parkinson’s disease include (i) cell transplantation therapy with human embryonic stem (ES) cells, human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and human fetal mesencephalic tissue, (ii) immunological and inflammatory therapy which is done using antibodies, and (iii) gene therapy with AADC-TH-GCH gene therapy, viral vector-mediated gene delivery, RNA interference-based therapy, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system, and alternative methods such as optogenetics and chemogenetics. Although these methods currently have a series of challenges, they seem to be promising techniques for Parkinson’s treatment in future. In this study, these prospective therapeutic approaches are reviewed.
KW - Gene therapy
KW - l-dopa
KW - Molecular mechanisms
KW - Parkinson’s disease
KW - Transplantation therapy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85056171769&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s12035-018-1419-8
DO - 10.1007/s12035-018-1419-8
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30397850
AN - SCOPUS:85056171769
SN - 0893-7648
VL - 56
SP - 4799
EP - 4811
JO - Molecular Neurobiology
JF - Molecular Neurobiology
IS - 7
ER -