TY - JOUR
T1 - Cellular assays combined with metabolomics highlight the dual face of phenolics
T2 - From high permeability to morphological cell damage
AU - Rocchetti, Gabriele
AU - Lucini, Luigi
AU - Eduardo Gonçalves, José
AU - Camps, Ihosvany
AU - dos Santos Lima, Amanda
AU - Granato, Daniel
AU - Cezar Pinheiro, Lucas
AU - Azevedo, Luciana
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2024/1/1
Y1 - 2024/1/1
N2 - The Caco-2 cellular permeability of phenolic aqueous extracts from blackcurrant press cake (BC), Norway spruce bark (NS), scots pine bark (SP), and sea buckthorn leaves (SB) was evaluated by combining high-resolution mass spectrometry and atomic force microscopy. Besides, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells allowed the study of intracellular oxidative stress assessed in both apical and basolateral domains. Overall, BC and NS showed the highest total phenolic contents, 4.38 and 3.76 µg/mL, respectively. Multivariate statistics discriminated NS and BC from SP and SB extracts because of their phenolic profile. Polyphenols were classified as highly permeable, thus suggesting their potentially high bioavailability through the gastrointestinal tract. All the phenolic subclasses showed efflux ratio values < 1, except for BC flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and stilbenes. Regarding cellular damage, NS and BC extracts, when acting on the basolateral cellular side, caused epithelial leakage and morphological shape cell damage on Caco-2 cells associated with ROS production.
AB - The Caco-2 cellular permeability of phenolic aqueous extracts from blackcurrant press cake (BC), Norway spruce bark (NS), scots pine bark (SP), and sea buckthorn leaves (SB) was evaluated by combining high-resolution mass spectrometry and atomic force microscopy. Besides, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells allowed the study of intracellular oxidative stress assessed in both apical and basolateral domains. Overall, BC and NS showed the highest total phenolic contents, 4.38 and 3.76 µg/mL, respectively. Multivariate statistics discriminated NS and BC from SP and SB extracts because of their phenolic profile. Polyphenols were classified as highly permeable, thus suggesting their potentially high bioavailability through the gastrointestinal tract. All the phenolic subclasses showed efflux ratio values < 1, except for BC flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and stilbenes. Regarding cellular damage, NS and BC extracts, when acting on the basolateral cellular side, caused epithelial leakage and morphological shape cell damage on Caco-2 cells associated with ROS production.
KW - Cellular assays
KW - Industrial by-products
KW - Metabolomics
KW - Permeability
KW - Polyphenols
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85169848091&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137081
DO - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137081
M3 - Article
C2 - 37557028
AN - SCOPUS:85169848091
SN - 0308-8146
VL - 430
SP - 137081
JO - Food Chemistry
JF - Food Chemistry
M1 - 137081
ER -