TY - JOUR
T1 - Chromosome research in orchids
T2 - current status and future prospects with special emphasis from molecular and epigenetic perspective
AU - Sharma, Santosh Kumar
AU - Mukai, Yasuhiko
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, Archana Sharma Foundation of Calcutta.
PY - 2015/12/1
Y1 - 2015/12/1
N2 - Having more than 25,000 species belonging to >800 genera, orchids are renowned for the abundance of morphotypes, with apparently everlasting compilation of extraordinary and fantastic adaptations, and represent a highly advanced terminal line of floral evolution in the angiosperms. The pattern of speciation and evolution in the family Orchidaceae is still elusive due to lack of information on valuable chromosome landmarks including centromeres, telomeres, nucleolar organizing regions (NORs), accessory chromosomes, structural rearrangements, eu/hetero-chromatin structure that ultimately resulted in complex genome organization. Therefore, an attempt has been made to catalog the available information on chromosome research in orchids encompassing the wide spectrum of conventional/molecular cytogenetics. Further, the recent developments in the broad scope of epi-cytogenetics involving nuclear architecture, spatial-temporal chromosomal distribution of DNA/histone modification marks, and their interplay in the formation of chromatin environment during cell division have been discussed. The application of flow-cytogenetics in unrevealing the complex genome architecture and ploidy of orchids has also been considered significantly. Further, in view of recent availability of the transcriptome and genome sequences of orchids, the potential of next-generation cytogenetics in discovery of myriad cytogenetic milestones for uncovering the mysteries of orchid’s genome and concurrent evolution has also been addressed. In particular, this review ultimately provides a broad scope and perspectives in different aspects of chromosome research on the highly evolved yet complex orchid family.
AB - Having more than 25,000 species belonging to >800 genera, orchids are renowned for the abundance of morphotypes, with apparently everlasting compilation of extraordinary and fantastic adaptations, and represent a highly advanced terminal line of floral evolution in the angiosperms. The pattern of speciation and evolution in the family Orchidaceae is still elusive due to lack of information on valuable chromosome landmarks including centromeres, telomeres, nucleolar organizing regions (NORs), accessory chromosomes, structural rearrangements, eu/hetero-chromatin structure that ultimately resulted in complex genome organization. Therefore, an attempt has been made to catalog the available information on chromosome research in orchids encompassing the wide spectrum of conventional/molecular cytogenetics. Further, the recent developments in the broad scope of epi-cytogenetics involving nuclear architecture, spatial-temporal chromosomal distribution of DNA/histone modification marks, and their interplay in the formation of chromatin environment during cell division have been discussed. The application of flow-cytogenetics in unrevealing the complex genome architecture and ploidy of orchids has also been considered significantly. Further, in view of recent availability of the transcriptome and genome sequences of orchids, the potential of next-generation cytogenetics in discovery of myriad cytogenetic milestones for uncovering the mysteries of orchid’s genome and concurrent evolution has also been addressed. In particular, this review ultimately provides a broad scope and perspectives in different aspects of chromosome research on the highly evolved yet complex orchid family.
KW - Chromosome
KW - Cytogenetics
KW - FISH
KW - Genome
KW - Orchid
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84958052376&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s13237-015-0152-1
DO - 10.1007/s13237-015-0152-1
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:84958052376
SN - 0029-568X
VL - 58
SP - 173
EP - 184
JO - Nucleus (India)
JF - Nucleus (India)
IS - 3
ER -