Abstract
A laboratory-scale Whirling Arm Rain Erosion test Rig (WARER) has been designed, developed and commissioned at the University of Limerick. The facility is capable of impact speeds of 178ms-1 and a rainfall rate of 25.4mmh-1. Circular samples of 27mm diameter (nominal) and a maximum thickness of 2mm can be accommodated. The facility was developed to test the resistance of leading edge aircraft materials to the repeated impact of rain droplets in flight. A challenging feature of the design was to enclose the whirling arm within a chamber so that it could be operated in an open-plan laboratory. A design problem that arose was the effect of aerodynamic heating of the air within the chamber. This led to a warming of the water and consequently a change in the droplet formation, which in turn caused problems relating to the repeatability of the tests. A cooling system was thus incorporated to keep the temperature of the water droplets below the established threshold of 20°C. Calibration testing has been undertaken by conducting back-on-back testing of samples with a previously developed water-jet facility at EADS IW, Munich. This Pulsating Jet Erosion Test rig (PJET) is capable of 225ms-1 droplet speed. Multiple impacts are produced on the sample at numerous locations, each location having an increased number of impacts. The impact frequency is equivalent of 25mmh-1 rain fall. Clad aluminium alloy (AA2024-T3) was used with the soft AA1230 clad layer being removed during testing. Post impact evaluations were carried out using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and surface roughness measurements. A cumulative erosion-time curve was produced from the WARER samples.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 2625-2631 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | Wear |
Volume | 271 |
Issue number | 9-10 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 29 Jul 2011 |
Keywords
- Droplet impact
- Liquid impingement
- Rain erosion
- Whirling arm