TY - JOUR
T1 - Copper and neurotoxicity in autism spectrum disorder
AU - Santos, Gesivaldo
AU - Borges, Julita M.P.
AU - Avila-Rodriguez, Marco
AU - Gaíno, Silvana B.
AU - Barreto, George E.
AU - Rúbio, Érika P.
AU - Aguiar, Rosane M.
AU - Galembeck, Eduardo
AU - Bromochenkel, Cattiúscia B.
AU - de Oliveira, Djalma M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Bentham Science Publishers.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Free radicals (FR) act on living organisms and present unpaired electrons in the molecular orbitals of oxygen or nitrogen species. They are classified as redox reactions and account for a wide range of processes in biological systems. Genetic and environmental factors may alter the levels of FR in the cell, leading to deleterious consequences such as membrane lipid peroxidation, protein nitration, enzyme, carbohydrate and DNA damage, ultimately resulting in premature aging and a pro-inflammatory microenvironment as observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). O2 radical ability to act as a Lewis base and to form a complex with metal transition such as iron and copper (Lewis acids) leads to biomolecules oxidation at physiological pH, thus increasing the possibility of injury and oxidative damage in biological tissues. In this review, we discuss the role of metals, like copper, and the amyloid precursor protein (APP) derivative (s-APP-alpha) as an antioxidant and a possible adjuvant in the treatment of some autistic spectrum disorder symptoms (ASD).
AB - Free radicals (FR) act on living organisms and present unpaired electrons in the molecular orbitals of oxygen or nitrogen species. They are classified as redox reactions and account for a wide range of processes in biological systems. Genetic and environmental factors may alter the levels of FR in the cell, leading to deleterious consequences such as membrane lipid peroxidation, protein nitration, enzyme, carbohydrate and DNA damage, ultimately resulting in premature aging and a pro-inflammatory microenvironment as observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). O2 radical ability to act as a Lewis base and to form a complex with metal transition such as iron and copper (Lewis acids) leads to biomolecules oxidation at physiological pH, thus increasing the possibility of injury and oxidative damage in biological tissues. In this review, we discuss the role of metals, like copper, and the amyloid precursor protein (APP) derivative (s-APP-alpha) as an antioxidant and a possible adjuvant in the treatment of some autistic spectrum disorder symptoms (ASD).
KW - Amyloid precursor protein
KW - Autism
KW - Copper
KW - Free radicals
KW - Insulin
KW - Metabolomics
KW - S-APP-alpha
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85078312743&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2174/1381612825666191217091939
DO - 10.2174/1381612825666191217091939
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31845627
AN - SCOPUS:85078312743
SN - 1381-6128
VL - 25
SP - 4747
EP - 4754
JO - Current Pharmaceutical Design
JF - Current Pharmaceutical Design
IS - 45
ER -