TY - JOUR
T1 - Design and characterization of functional TiO2–lignin fillers used in rotational molded polyethylene containers
AU - Bula, Karol
AU - Jędrzejczak, Patryk
AU - Ajnbacher, Dawid
AU - Collins, Maurice N.
AU - Klapiszewski, Łukasz
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023
PY - 2023/8/15
Y1 - 2023/8/15
N2 - In this study, new TiO2–lignin hybrid systems were synthesized and characterized by various methods, including non-invasive backscattering (NIBS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis (EA) and zeta potential analysis (ZP). The weak hydrogen bonds between the components, as shown on FTIR spectra, proved the production of class I hybrid systems. TiO2–lignin systems were found to display good thermal stability and relatively good homogeneity. These newly designed hybrid materials were used to produce functional composites via rotational molding in a linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) matrix at 2.5 % and 5.0 % loading by weight of the fillers, namely, TiO2, TiO2–lignin (5:1 wt./wt.), TiO2–lignin (1:1 wt./wt.), TiO2–lignin (1:5 wt./wt.) and pristine lignin, creating rectangular specimens. The mechanical properties of the specimens were measured via compression testing and by low-energy impact damage testing (the drop test). The results showed that the system containing 5.0 % by weight of TiO2–lignin (1:1 wt./wt.) had the most positive effect on the container's compression strength, while the LLDPE filled with 5.0 % by weight of TiO2–lignin (5:1 wt./wt.) demonstrated the best impact resistance among all the tested composites.
AB - In this study, new TiO2–lignin hybrid systems were synthesized and characterized by various methods, including non-invasive backscattering (NIBS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis (EA) and zeta potential analysis (ZP). The weak hydrogen bonds between the components, as shown on FTIR spectra, proved the production of class I hybrid systems. TiO2–lignin systems were found to display good thermal stability and relatively good homogeneity. These newly designed hybrid materials were used to produce functional composites via rotational molding in a linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) matrix at 2.5 % and 5.0 % loading by weight of the fillers, namely, TiO2, TiO2–lignin (5:1 wt./wt.), TiO2–lignin (1:1 wt./wt.), TiO2–lignin (1:5 wt./wt.) and pristine lignin, creating rectangular specimens. The mechanical properties of the specimens were measured via compression testing and by low-energy impact damage testing (the drop test). The results showed that the system containing 5.0 % by weight of TiO2–lignin (1:1 wt./wt.) had the most positive effect on the container's compression strength, while the LLDPE filled with 5.0 % by weight of TiO2–lignin (5:1 wt./wt.) demonstrated the best impact resistance among all the tested composites.
KW - Biopolymer containers
KW - Hybrid materials
KW - Kraft lignin
KW - Rotational molding
KW - Titanium dioxide
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85163838591&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125626
DO - 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125626
M3 - Article
C2 - 37392911
AN - SCOPUS:85163838591
SN - 0141-8130
VL - 246
SP - 125626
JO - International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
JF - International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
M1 - 125626
ER -