Determinants and impacts of e-biking among adults living with chronic diseases: A scoping review

Background: Habitual engagement in physical activity is recommended as a self-management measure for many chronic diseases. However, physical inactivity remains prevalent among adults with such conditions, in some cases, due to challenges related to physical functioning and mobility. With the advent of electric mobility, e-bikes may provide an opportunity for regular physical activity during transport, with the support of electrical assistance activated by pedalling. Methods: Guided by the methodological framework of the Joanna Briggs Institute, a scoping review was conducted to explore the extent of existing literature reporting the determinants and potential impacts of e-biking among adults with chronic conditions. Articles published from January 2000 to June 2024 were systematically searched using MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and underwent two-tiered screening by two independent reviewers. The evidence synthesis process included a descriptive numerical analysis and a basic qualitative content analysis. Results: Of the 1042 articles identified in the database search, eight were included in the scoping review. Engagement in e-biking was found to be influenced by various individual, social, and environmental factors. Consequently, this led to physical, psychological, behavioural, and social impacts. Conclusion: Current studies involving adults with chronic diseases present unique insights regarding the determinants and impacts of e-biking. Developing this evidence base further would be valuable for individuals living with chronic conditions, health professionals and policymakers, to understand the potential for e-biking as a form of physically active transport. Further research is recommended to expand the diversity of populations and contexts represented in this literature.