Development of an inexpensive optical fiber based Harmful Algae Bloom sensor

Research into the development of an Early Warning Harmful Algae Bloom (HAB) Sensing System for use in Underwater Monitoring Applications is presented. The sensor proposed by the authors utilises the complex ties between ocean colour, absorption and scattering, along with algae pigmentation. The objective is to develop a robust inexpensive sensor for use in an early warning system for the detection and possible identification of Harmful Algae Blooms. The sensing mechanism utilised in this system is based on a combination of absorption and reflection spectroscopy and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) signal processing. Spectroscopy is concerned with the production, measurement, and interpretation of electromagnetic spectra arising from either emission or absorption of radiant energy by various substances (or HABs in this application). Preliminary results are presented from the interrogation of chlorophyll, yeast and saline solutions, as well as levels of absorption obtained utilising two dyes Blue (brilliant Blue (E133) and Carmoisine (E122) mix) and Red (Ponceau (E124) and Sunset yellow (El 10) mix).