TY - JOUR
T1 - Development of pain in older adults
T2 - A latent class analysis of biopsychosocial risk factors
AU - O'Neill, Aoife
AU - O'Sullivan, Kieran
AU - O'Keeffe, Mary
AU - Hannigan, Ailish
AU - Walsh, Cathal
AU - Purtill, Helen
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 International Association for the Study of Pain
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - Pain significantly restricts the quality of life and well-being of older adults. With our increasingly ageing population, it is important to examine whether differing classes of biopsychosocial risk factors can predict the development of pain in older adults. Latent class analysis provides a model-based approach to identifying underlying subgroups in a population, based on some measured characteristics. In this study, latent class analysis was used to identify biopsychosocial risk classes in people aged 50 years and older, from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, who reported not often being troubled by pain at wave 1 and completed the 2-year follow-up at wave 2 (n 5 4458). Four classes were identified based on 11 potential risk factors at wave 1. These classes were characterised as “Low Risk,” “Physical Health Risk,” “Mental Health Risk,” and “High Risk.” The Low-Risk class accounted for over half the sample (51.2%), whereas the High-Risk class represented 7.8% of the sample. At follow-up (wave 2), 797 (17.9%) participants reported being troubled by pain. Associations between the biopsychosocial risk classes and developing pain were examined using logistic regression, adjusting for sociodemographic variables. The High-Risk class was more likely to develop pain compared with the Low-Risk class (adjusted OR 5 3.16, 95% CI 5 2.40-4.16). These results add to existing data in other populations supporting the role of a range of biopsychosocial risk factors that increase the risk of developing pain. These findings have important implications for the identification, and potential moderation, of these risk factors.
AB - Pain significantly restricts the quality of life and well-being of older adults. With our increasingly ageing population, it is important to examine whether differing classes of biopsychosocial risk factors can predict the development of pain in older adults. Latent class analysis provides a model-based approach to identifying underlying subgroups in a population, based on some measured characteristics. In this study, latent class analysis was used to identify biopsychosocial risk classes in people aged 50 years and older, from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, who reported not often being troubled by pain at wave 1 and completed the 2-year follow-up at wave 2 (n 5 4458). Four classes were identified based on 11 potential risk factors at wave 1. These classes were characterised as “Low Risk,” “Physical Health Risk,” “Mental Health Risk,” and “High Risk.” The Low-Risk class accounted for over half the sample (51.2%), whereas the High-Risk class represented 7.8% of the sample. At follow-up (wave 2), 797 (17.9%) participants reported being troubled by pain. Associations between the biopsychosocial risk classes and developing pain were examined using logistic regression, adjusting for sociodemographic variables. The High-Risk class was more likely to develop pain compared with the Low-Risk class (adjusted OR 5 3.16, 95% CI 5 2.40-4.16). These results add to existing data in other populations supporting the role of a range of biopsychosocial risk factors that increase the risk of developing pain. These findings have important implications for the identification, and potential moderation, of these risk factors.
KW - Biopsychosocial risk factors
KW - Latent class analysis
KW - Older adults
KW - Pain development
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85060165665&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001251
DO - 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001251
M3 - Article
C2 - 29697534
AN - SCOPUS:85060165665
SN - 0304-3959
VL - 159
SP - 1631
EP - 1640
JO - Pain
JF - Pain
IS - 8
ER -