TY - JOUR
T1 - Dimensionality of the Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ48)
AU - Perry, John L.
AU - Strycharczyk, Doug
AU - Dagnall, Neil
AU - Denovan, Andrew
AU - Papageorgiou, Kostas A.
AU - Clough, Peter J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2021 Perry, Strycharczyk, Dagnall, Denovan, Papageorgiou and Clough.
PY - 2021/7/23
Y1 - 2021/7/23
N2 - Currently there is debate as to whether mental toughness is a unidimensional or multidimensional construct. To investigate the dimensionality of the Mental Toughness Questionnaire 48-items (MTQ48), a widely used measure of mental toughness, we examined data from a sample of 78,947 participants. A series of exploratory structural equation models (ESEM) assessed unidimensional, multidimensional, and bifactor solutions. Overall, results supported a bifactor conceptualization of mental toughness. Bifactor analysis was consistent with the use of a general factor score. In conclusion, the authors argue that mental toughness should be considered as an umbrella term representing a general trait comprised of related constructs that provide a psychological advantage in performance and promote positive mental health. Finally, this article identifies limitations in the existing measurement of mental toughness and proposes necessary directions in future research.
AB - Currently there is debate as to whether mental toughness is a unidimensional or multidimensional construct. To investigate the dimensionality of the Mental Toughness Questionnaire 48-items (MTQ48), a widely used measure of mental toughness, we examined data from a sample of 78,947 participants. A series of exploratory structural equation models (ESEM) assessed unidimensional, multidimensional, and bifactor solutions. Overall, results supported a bifactor conceptualization of mental toughness. Bifactor analysis was consistent with the use of a general factor score. In conclusion, the authors argue that mental toughness should be considered as an umbrella term representing a general trait comprised of related constructs that provide a psychological advantage in performance and promote positive mental health. Finally, this article identifies limitations in the existing measurement of mental toughness and proposes necessary directions in future research.
KW - bifactor
KW - exploratory structural equation modeling
KW - mental toughness
KW - MTQ48
KW - psychometrics
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85112470564&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.654836
DO - 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.654836
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85112470564
SN - 1664-1078
VL - 12
SP - 654836
JO - Frontiers in Psychology
JF - Frontiers in Psychology
M1 - 654836
ER -