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Dissecting Sex-Related Cognition between Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes: From Molecular Mechanisms to Potential Therapeutic Strategies

  • Ghulam Md Ashraf
  • , Mahmoud Ahmed Ebada
  • , Mohd Suhail
  • , Ashraf Ali
  • , Md Sahab Uddin
  • , Anwar L. Bilgrami
  • , Asma Perveen
  • , Amjad Husain
  • , Mohd Tarique
  • , Abdul Hafeez
  • , Athanasios Alexiou
  • , Ausaf Ahmad
  • , Rajnish Kumar
  • , Naheed Banu
  • , Agnieszka Najda
  • , Amany A. Sayed
  • , Ghadeer M. Albadrani
  • , Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
  • , Ilaria Peluso
  • , George E. Barreto
  • King Fahd Medical Research Center
  • Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University
  • Zagazig University
  • National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute
  • University of Foggia
  • Southeast University, Dhaka
  • Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick
  • King Abdulaziz University
  • Glocal University
  • Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
  • University of Missouri
  • Novel Global Community Educational Foundation
  • AFNP Med
  • Amity University, Noida
  • Qassim University
  • University of Life Sciences in Lublin
  • Cairo University
  • Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
  • Council for Agricultural Research and Economics

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

The brain is a sexually dimorphic organ that implies different functions and structures depending on sex. Current pharmacological approaches against different neurological diseases act distinctly in male and female brains. In all neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), sex-related outcomes regarding pathogenesis, prevalence, and response to treatments indicate that sex differences are important for precise diagnosis and therapeutic strategy. Pathogenesis of AD includes vascular dementia, and in most cases, this is accompanied by metabolic complications with similar features as those assembled in diabetes. This review discusses how AD-associated dementia and diabetes affect cognition in relation to sex difference, as both diseases share similar pathological mechanisms. We highlight potential protective strategies to mitigate amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathogenesis, emphasizing how these drugs act in the male and female brains.

Original languageEnglish
Article number4572471
JournalOxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
Volume2021
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2021

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

  1. SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
    SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

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