Energy-balancing and lifetime enhancement of wireless sensor network with Archimedes spiral

Energy is one of the scarcest resources in wireless sensor network (WSN). Therefore, the need to conserve energy is of utmost importance in WSN. There are many ways to conserve energy in such a network. One fundamental way of conserving energy is judicious deployment of sensor nodes within the network area so that the energy flow remains balanced throughout the network. This avoids the problem of occurrence of 'energy holes' and ensures prolonged network lifetime. In this paper, we have identified intrinsic features of Archimedes' Spiral and shown its suitability to model the layered WSN area. Next we have transformed the same Spiral in its discrete form and proposed this as a deployment function. A node deployment algorithm is developed based on this deployment function. Further, we have identified necessary constraints involving different network parameters to ensure coverage, connectivity and energy balance of the entire network. Performance of the deployment scheme is evaluated in terms of energy balance and network lifetime. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses are done based on these two performance metrics. Finally the scheme is compared with an existing Gaussian distribution-based deployment scheme and the results confirm the superiority of our scheme in respect to both the metrics over the existing one.