Energy efficient cluster based routing algorithm for wireless sensors networks

Sensor based smart devices are becoming integral part of our life. With the advancement in sensor devices various automated systems based on sensors have been emerged. These systems automatically perform tasks on the basis of information provided by sensors to actuators that control the behavior of devices accordingly. Due to limited resources, energy constraints and interference in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to obtain the longer performance from sensor nodes is challenging for researchers. Energy is very scarce resource in WSNs that need to be preserved for longer working of WSN. Transmitting data to the base station by sensor nodes simultaneously can create congestion in WSNs. Clustering effectively transmit data from all nodes towards BS as data is collected by cluster heads from all other nodes. Cluster heads then transmit collected data towards base station. A new algorithm is proposed in this paper, which uses clustering technique to form unequal sized clusters of sensor nodes to transmit data to the base station. This distributed algorithm calculates the residual energy of nodes, distance from base station and number of nodes in order to increase the life time of sensor networks. Results show that the proposed algorithm performs better and improves the network life time and lessens the energy utilization.