TY - JOUR
T1 - Enhanced permeability and retention effect
T2 - A key facilitator for solid tumor targeting by nanoparticles
AU - Shinde, Vinod Ravasaheb
AU - Revi, Neeraja
AU - Murugappan, Sivasubramanian
AU - Singh, Surya Prakash
AU - Rengan, Aravind Kumar
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/9
Y1 - 2022/9
N2 - Exploring the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect through therapeutic nanoparticles has been a subject of considerable interest in tumor biology. This passive targeting based phenomenon exploits the leaky blood vasculature and the defective lymphatic drainage system of the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment resulting in enhanced preferential accumulation of the nanoparticles within the tumor tissues. This article reviews the fundamental studies to assess how the EPR effect plays an essential role in passive targeting. Further, it summarizes various therapeutic modalities of nanoformulation including chemo-photodynamic therapy, intravascular drug release, and photothermal immunotherapy to combat cancer using enhanced EPR effect in neoplasia region.
AB - Exploring the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect through therapeutic nanoparticles has been a subject of considerable interest in tumor biology. This passive targeting based phenomenon exploits the leaky blood vasculature and the defective lymphatic drainage system of the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment resulting in enhanced preferential accumulation of the nanoparticles within the tumor tissues. This article reviews the fundamental studies to assess how the EPR effect plays an essential role in passive targeting. Further, it summarizes various therapeutic modalities of nanoformulation including chemo-photodynamic therapy, intravascular drug release, and photothermal immunotherapy to combat cancer using enhanced EPR effect in neoplasia region.
KW - EPR
KW - Extravasation
KW - Microbubble
KW - Microenvironment
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - PDT
KW - Pharmacokinetics
KW - Photodynamic Therapy
KW - PTT
KW - Ultrasound
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85132853096&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102915
DO - 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102915
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35597441
AN - SCOPUS:85132853096
SN - 1572-1000
VL - 39
SP - 102915
JO - Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
JF - Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
M1 - 102915
ER -