Experiences of people with multiple sclerosis participating in a social cognitive behavior change physical activity intervention

Background: Understanding the experiences of people with MS taking part in physical activity interventions is critical to inform future interventions. Aim: The aim was to gain insight into the experiences of people with MS taking part in a behavior change group physical activity intervention with a novel social cognitive theory component. Methods: A qualitative semi-structured interview format was utilized. Questions focussed on expectations, views and beliefs at being involved in the study, beliefs on physical activity, and subjective evaluation of the trial content and delivery. Seventeen people were interviewed and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Three themes were generated: psychological and social factors, intervention processes, and MS identity. The acceptance of MS as an identity acted as an initial barrier to exercise, with a more positive, exercise-enabling identity post-intervention. Psychological factors such as self-efficacy and anxiety, as well as social factors such as social support, were found to play an important role in how participants experienced the program. Similarly, intervention processes included support for group-based activities and structure of exercise classes, and were also inter-linked to the other themes. Conclusion: It appears that group-based exercise interventions are acceptable and feasible for people with MS. The qualitative findings support previously reported quantitative findings that the Step it Up intervention is effective at promoting physical activity and improving psychological outcomes.