@inproceedings{7dc1e044b25f4dc8a29546ecd2123b98,
title = "Experimental determination of crowd load and coherency when jumping on a rigid raked grandstand",
abstract = "The problem of human excitation of cantilever grandstands has been highlighted by the UK Standing Committee on Structural Safety necessitating an ongoing revision of UK codes and guidelines concerning the design and assessment of modern grandstands. There is still a lack of information on the loads crowds impose on grandstands with current load models being overly conservative. This paper is concerned with the dynamic load induced by an active crowd both with and without the coordinating effect of external stimuli (e.g. aural) and seeks to highlight the highest degree of coherency that can be achieved by a group of people jumping on a grandstand. To this end, a segment of a full scale rigid raked grandstand has been designed and built to simulate the space constraints found in modern stadia. The load induced by up to 15 test subjects is measured by means of load plates - one per test subject. Jumping and bobbing tests have been performed at specific beat frequencies. The results presented will lead to a more realistic crowd load model which accounts for the lack of synchronization between individuals when jumping in a group.",
author = "Comer, {A. J.} and Williams, {M. S.} and A. Blakeborough",
year = "2007",
language = "English",
isbn = "9781604237597",
series = "Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series",
booktitle = "IMAC-XXV - Celebrating 25 Years of IMAC",
note = "25th Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics 2007, IMAC-XXV ; Conference date: 19-02-2007 Through 22-02-2007",
}