Extracellular Vesicles and Cancer Therapy

Cancer is a complex health crisis worldwide. The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) research brings a cutting-edge episode in cancer research. EVs explain cancer biology in an innovative way by participating in several cellular events. It also displays the cellular status (health or pathological condition). In cancer, tumor-derived EVs (especially called tumor-derived exosomes—TEXs) are associated with cancer development and progression related to multiple functions. Exosomes (a subpopulation of EVs) are keys to regulating cancer-related multiple events such as cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, immune cell reprogramming, metastasis, drug and therapeutic resistance. It is a molecular signature messenger of cancer biomarkers. EVs-based liquid biopsy (patient's blood, plasma serum, saliva, urine, etc.) transforms cancer screening into a more accurate manner (early detection and therapeutic efficiency check). Based on the source (stem cells, plants, TEXs) of EVs, promising anticancer activity is being shown. The most exciting fact about EVs-based cancer therapy is its greater efficiency due to its biocompatibility, low toxicity, lower immune reactivity, and ability to cross biological barriers. EVs are considered promising to deliver drug, and therapeutic molecules to the specific site of the disease. Currently, EVs platform-based cancer therapeutic development is considered one of the most promising ways to combat the global cancer crisis.