TY - JOUR
T1 - Global, regional and national burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to suboptimal diet, 1990–2023
T2 - a Global Burden of Disease study
AU - GBD 2023 IHD & Dietary Risk Factors Collaborators
AU - Yon, Dong Keon
AU - Kim, Min Seo
AU - Mokdad, Ali H.
AU - Zyoud, Sa’ed H.
AU - Zou, Zhiyong
AU - Zoghi, Ghazal
AU - Zielińska, Magdalena
AU - Zhumagaliuly, Abzal
AU - Zhu, Bin
AU - Zhou, Xiao Dong
AU - Zhou, Shuduo
AU - Zhong, Claire Chenwen
AU - Zhong, Anthony
AU - Zhao, Hanqing
AU - Zhang, Zhiqiang
AU - Zhang, Yunquan
AU - Zhang, Liqun
AU - P Zhang, Casper J.
AU - Zebari, Salih M.Mustafa Salih
AU - M Zeariya, Mohammed G.
AU - Zawiah, Mohammed
AU - Zanghì, Aurora
AU - Yu, Chuanhua
AU - Youssef, Mohammed Y.
AU - Yonemoto, Naohiro
AU - Yin, Dehui
AU - Yesuf, Subah Abderehim
AU - Ye, Pengpeng
AU - Yasufuku, Yuichi
AU - Yaribeygi, Habib
AU - Yano, Yuichiro
AU - Yamagishi, Kazumasa
AU - Yahya, Galal
AU - Xu, Xiaoyue
AU - Xu, Suowen
AU - Xie, Wanqing
AU - Wubie, Yihun Miskir
AU - Wu, Zenghong
AU - Wu, Felicia
AU - Wonde, Tewodros Eshete
AU - Wojewodzic, Marcin W.
AU - Willeit, Peter
AU - Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana
AU - Wickramasinghe, Dakshitha Praneeth
AU - Wicaksana, Anggi Lukman
AU - Werdecker, Andrea
AU - Wassie, Toyiba Hiyaru
AU - Waqar, Ahmed Bilal
AU - Niranjan, Vikram
AU - Khan, Muhammad Umair
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. 2026.
PY - 2026/4
Y1 - 2026/4
N2 - Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a leading cause of death worldwide, with dietary risks being its most significant modifiable factor. Here, using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study 2023, we estimated the mortality and disability-adjusted life years from diet-related IHD across 204 countries. In 2023, a suboptimal diet was responsible for 4.06 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 0.74–6.22) IHD deaths and 96.84 million (18.82–142.52) IHD disability-adjusted life years. The global age-standardized death rate of IHD attributable to suboptimal diet decreased by 43.92% (95% UI 34.44–53.23) per 100,000 population from 1990 to 2023. Among dietary factors, low intake of nuts and seeds (9.87, 95% UI 2.84–17.12 deaths per 100,000 population), low whole grains (9.22, 4.73–13.67), low fruits (7.25, 1.54–13.34) and high sodium (7.15, 0.92–17.97) were primary contributors to IHD deaths. The burden was particularly pronounced in low- and middle-sociodemographic index countries. By disentangling dietary risk factors, we identified the portion of IHD burden directly modifiable through food interventions.
AB - Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a leading cause of death worldwide, with dietary risks being its most significant modifiable factor. Here, using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study 2023, we estimated the mortality and disability-adjusted life years from diet-related IHD across 204 countries. In 2023, a suboptimal diet was responsible for 4.06 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 0.74–6.22) IHD deaths and 96.84 million (18.82–142.52) IHD disability-adjusted life years. The global age-standardized death rate of IHD attributable to suboptimal diet decreased by 43.92% (95% UI 34.44–53.23) per 100,000 population from 1990 to 2023. Among dietary factors, low intake of nuts and seeds (9.87, 95% UI 2.84–17.12 deaths per 100,000 population), low whole grains (9.22, 4.73–13.67), low fruits (7.25, 1.54–13.34) and high sodium (7.15, 0.92–17.97) were primary contributors to IHD deaths. The burden was particularly pronounced in low- and middle-sociodemographic index countries. By disentangling dietary risk factors, we identified the portion of IHD burden directly modifiable through food interventions.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105036476668
U2 - 10.1038/s41591-026-04250-8
DO - 10.1038/s41591-026-04250-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 41912805
AN - SCOPUS:105036476668
SN - 1078-8956
VL - 32
SP - 1454
EP - 1478
JO - Nature Medicine
JF - Nature Medicine
IS - 4
ER -