TY - JOUR
T1 - Immunomodulators and delivery systems for vaccination by mucosal routes
AU - Ryan, Elizabeth J.
AU - Daly, Lyn M.
AU - Mills, Kingston H.G.
PY - 2001/8/1
Y1 - 2001/8/1
N2 - Current paediatric immunization programmes include too many injections in the first months of life. Oral or nasal vaccine delivery eliminates the requirement for needles and can induce immunity at the site of infection. However, protein antigens are poorly immunogenic when so delivered and can induce tolerance. Novel ways to enhance immune responses to protein or polysaccharide antigens have opened up new possibilities for the design of effective mucosal vaccines. Here, we discuss the immunological principles underlying mucosal vaccine development and review the application of immunomodulatory molecules and delivery systems to the selective enhancement of protective immune responses at mucosal surfaces.
AB - Current paediatric immunization programmes include too many injections in the first months of life. Oral or nasal vaccine delivery eliminates the requirement for needles and can induce immunity at the site of infection. However, protein antigens are poorly immunogenic when so delivered and can induce tolerance. Novel ways to enhance immune responses to protein or polysaccharide antigens have opened up new possibilities for the design of effective mucosal vaccines. Here, we discuss the immunological principles underlying mucosal vaccine development and review the application of immunomodulatory molecules and delivery systems to the selective enhancement of protective immune responses at mucosal surfaces.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0035426510&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0167-7799(01)01670-5
DO - 10.1016/S0167-7799(01)01670-5
M3 - Review article
C2 - 11451471
AN - SCOPUS:0035426510
SN - 0167-7799
VL - 19
SP - 293
EP - 304
JO - Trends in Biotechnology
JF - Trends in Biotechnology
IS - 8
ER -