TY - JOUR
T1 - Impact of Additives on Drug Particles during Liquid Antisolvent Crystallization and Subsequent Freeze-Drying
AU - Ghosh, Peuli
AU - Rasmuson, Ake
AU - Hudson, Sarah P.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.
PY - 2023/11/17
Y1 - 2023/11/17
N2 - The impact of single or combinations of additives on the generation of nanosuspensions of two poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), fenofibrate (FF) and dalcetrapib (DCP), and their isolation to the dry state via antisolvent (AS) crystallization followed by freeze-drying was explored in this work. Combinations of polymeric and surfactant additives such as poly(vinyl alcohol) or hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium docusate were required to stabilize nanoparticles (∼200-300 nm) of both APIs in suspension before isolation to dryness. For both FF and DCP, multiple additives generated the narrowest, most-stable particle size distribution, with the smallest particles in suspension, compared with using a single additive. An industrially recognized freeze-drying process was used for the isolation of these nanoparticles to dryness. When processed by the liquid AS crystallization followed by freeze-drying in the presence of multiple additives, a purer monomorphic powder for FF resulted than when processed in the absence of any additive or in the presence of a single additive. It was noted that all nanoparticles freeze-dried in the presence of additives had a flat, flaky habit resulting in large surface areas. Agglomeration occurred during freeze-drying, resulting in micron-size particles. However, after freeze-drying, powders produced with single or multiple additives showed similar dissolution profiles, irrespective of aging time before drying, thus attenuating the advantage of multiple additives in terms of size observed before the freeze-drying process.
AB - The impact of single or combinations of additives on the generation of nanosuspensions of two poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), fenofibrate (FF) and dalcetrapib (DCP), and their isolation to the dry state via antisolvent (AS) crystallization followed by freeze-drying was explored in this work. Combinations of polymeric and surfactant additives such as poly(vinyl alcohol) or hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and sodium docusate were required to stabilize nanoparticles (∼200-300 nm) of both APIs in suspension before isolation to dryness. For both FF and DCP, multiple additives generated the narrowest, most-stable particle size distribution, with the smallest particles in suspension, compared with using a single additive. An industrially recognized freeze-drying process was used for the isolation of these nanoparticles to dryness. When processed by the liquid AS crystallization followed by freeze-drying in the presence of multiple additives, a purer monomorphic powder for FF resulted than when processed in the absence of any additive or in the presence of a single additive. It was noted that all nanoparticles freeze-dried in the presence of additives had a flat, flaky habit resulting in large surface areas. Agglomeration occurred during freeze-drying, resulting in micron-size particles. However, after freeze-drying, powders produced with single or multiple additives showed similar dissolution profiles, irrespective of aging time before drying, thus attenuating the advantage of multiple additives in terms of size observed before the freeze-drying process.
KW - additive
KW - antisolvent crystallization
KW - dissolution rate
KW - freeze-drying
KW - morphology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85176117155&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acs.oprd.3c00204
DO - 10.1021/acs.oprd.3c00204
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85176117155
SN - 1083-6160
VL - 27
SP - 2020
EP - 2034
JO - Organic Process Research and Development
JF - Organic Process Research and Development
IS - 11
ER -