Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation After Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial Tachycardia in Congenital Heart Disease

Background: Atrial tachycardia (AT) and atrial fibrillation (AF) coexist in 30% of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients. Successful atrial tachycardia catheter ablation (ATCA) might prevent AF. Data on new-onset AF after ATCA in CHD is scarce. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of new-onset AF after ATCA and to assess clinical characteristics associated with new-onset AF after ATCA in CHD. Methods: CHD patients referred for ATCA to 3 European centers were included. New occurrence of AF was defined as electrocardiographic documentation of AF after any ATCA procedure in patients without history of AF. Results: In 277 CHD patients (median age 37 years [Q1, Q3: 23, 49 years], 58% men, 59 [21%] simple, 111 [40%] moderate, and 107 [39%] complex CHD), AF occurred in 25 patients (9%) a median of 8 months (Q1, Q3: 4, 27 months) after ATCA. New-onset AF was persistent in the majority of the patients (17 of 25 [63%]). Patients with new-onset AF were older (44 years [Q1, Q3: 29, 55 years] vs 36 years [Q1, Q3: 23, 49 years]; P = 0.009) and more frequently had simple CHD (13 of 25 [52%] vs 46 of 252 [18%], respectively; P < 0.0001). Acute ATCA success rates were similar in patients with and without AF (52% vs 48%; P = 0.429). Simple CHD was an independent predictor of new-onset AF during follow-up. Conclusions: In our large cohort of patients with congenital heart disease, new-onset AF after ablation for AT occurred in only 9% of the patients. AF occurred without AT recurrence and was persistent in the majority of patients.