Inoculation density is affecting growth conditions of Listeria monocytogenes on fresh cut lettuce

Abstract: Listeria monocytogenes is a particular risk for the ready-to-eat food sector because of its ability to grow in various environmental conditions. In the literature, growth and survival of L. monocytogenes on food is tested using inoculation densities ranging from less than 10² to over 10⁵ CFU g⁻¹. Inoculation densities on food have been rarely tested as a factor for growth. In this study, inoculation densities from 10² to 10⁵ of L. monocytogenes were tested on iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in modified atmospheres and air in model packages at 4 and 8 °C to identify any potential inoculation density effects. On days 0, 2, 5 and 7, L. monocytogenes was extracted from the lettuce surface and enumerated via selective media. The resulting growth curves identified a significant inoculation density effect at 4 and 8 °C with significantly higher amounts of growth (1–2 logs) when lettuce was inoculated at 10² CFU g⁻¹ as opposed to 10⁴ and 10⁵ CFU g⁻¹. In contrast, the use of different atmospheres had limited influence on growth of L. monocytogenes. In conclusion, greater emphasis on inoculation density of L. monocytogenes should be taken in inoculation experiments when confirmation of growth or the efficacies of growth inhibiting treatments are tested on ready-to-eat food such as lettuce. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].