Knowledge and perceptions of obesity care among general practice nurses in the Republic of Ireland

Aims: We sought to explore the knowledge and perceptions of obesity care among general practice nurses in the Republic of Ireland. Background: Obesity is a complex condition driven by the interplay of social, cultural, environmental, genetic, biological and psychological factors. Despite its recognition as a chronic disease, it is underdiagnosed and undertreated in primary care. General practice nurses (GPNs) play a critical role in the monitoring of risk factors and treatment of chronic diseases, but their role in the management of obesity in primary care is less well described. Method: A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted. An anonymous online survey was disseminated asking a broad range of questions on levels of training, knowledge, perceptions and barriers to obesity care. Findings: Of 240 GPNs who completed the survey, 93% were aware that obesity aetiology is multifactorial. Identified causes which imply “personal responsibility” rated highly (73%). Most GPNs are comfortable having discussions about weight (74%). They reported discussing behavioural interventions more frequently than pharmacological treatments or bariatric surgery. Perceived lack of time in appointments (83%), lack of training (71%), shortage of specialist care (72%) and cost of treatments (67%) were the highest rated barriers to providing care. Lack of time in appointments (67%) and fear of causing offence (57%) were the highest rated barriers to initiating a discussion with patients about weight. GPNs felt their own BMI influenced how patients with obesity view their advice. Many GPNs (40%) reported they had no training in obesity care, while 54% had attended at least one obesity-themed webinar or conference. Conclusion: GPNs recognise their essential role in obesity care. We have identified the need for dedicated consultation time and further training for GPNs to enable discussion of treatment options and support appropriate care pathways, including access to specialist care.