TY - JOUR
T1 - Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structure Enhances Neuroelectrode Charge Transfer Capabilities and Modulates Astrocyte Function
AU - Kelly, Adriona
AU - Farid, Nazar
AU - Krukiewicz, Katarzyna
AU - Belisle, Nicole
AU - Groarke, John
AU - Waters, Elaine M.
AU - Trotier, Alexandre
AU - Laffir, Fathima
AU - Kilcoyne, Michelle
AU - O'Connor, Gerard M.
AU - Biggs, Manus J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2020/3/9
Y1 - 2020/3/9
N2 - The brain machine interface (BMI) describes a group of technologies capable of communicating with excitable nervous tissue within the central nervous system (CNS). BMIs have seen major advances in recent years, but these advances have been impeded because of a temporal deterioration in the signal to noise ratio of recording electrodes following insertion into the CNS. This deterioration has been attributed to an intrinsic host tissue response, namely, reactive gliosis, which involves a complex series of immune mediators, resulting in implant encapsulation via the synthesis of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules and the recruitment of glial cells. There is a clinical need to reduce tissue encapsulation in situ and improve long-Term neuroelectrode functionality. Physical modification of the electrode surface at the nanoscale could satisfy these requirements by integrating electrochemical and topographical signals to modulate neural cell behavior. In this study, commercially available platinum iridium (Pt/Ir) microelectrode probes were nanotopographically functionalized using femto/picosecond laser processing to generate laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). Three different topographies and their physical properties were assessed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The electrochemical properties of these interfaces were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The in vitro response of mixed cortical cultures (embryonic rat E14/E17) was subsequently assessed by confocal microscopy, ELISA, and multiplex protein array analysis. Overall LIPSS features improved the electrochemical properties of the electrodes, promoted cell alignment, and modulated the expression of multiple ion channels involved in key neuronal functions.
AB - The brain machine interface (BMI) describes a group of technologies capable of communicating with excitable nervous tissue within the central nervous system (CNS). BMIs have seen major advances in recent years, but these advances have been impeded because of a temporal deterioration in the signal to noise ratio of recording electrodes following insertion into the CNS. This deterioration has been attributed to an intrinsic host tissue response, namely, reactive gliosis, which involves a complex series of immune mediators, resulting in implant encapsulation via the synthesis of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules and the recruitment of glial cells. There is a clinical need to reduce tissue encapsulation in situ and improve long-Term neuroelectrode functionality. Physical modification of the electrode surface at the nanoscale could satisfy these requirements by integrating electrochemical and topographical signals to modulate neural cell behavior. In this study, commercially available platinum iridium (Pt/Ir) microelectrode probes were nanotopographically functionalized using femto/picosecond laser processing to generate laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). Three different topographies and their physical properties were assessed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The electrochemical properties of these interfaces were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The in vitro response of mixed cortical cultures (embryonic rat E14/E17) was subsequently assessed by confocal microscopy, ELISA, and multiplex protein array analysis. Overall LIPSS features improved the electrochemical properties of the electrodes, promoted cell alignment, and modulated the expression of multiple ion channels involved in key neuronal functions.
KW - astrogliosis
KW - cell alignment
KW - electrochemical impedance
KW - LIPSS
KW - neuroelectrode
KW - platinum/iridium
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85081787782&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01321
DO - 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01321
M3 - Article
C2 - 33455378
AN - SCOPUS:85081787782
SN - 2373-9878
VL - 6
SP - 1449
EP - 1461
JO - ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering
JF - ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering
IS - 3
ER -