TY - JOUR
T1 - Long-term effects of PM2.5 components on hypertension
T2 - A national analysis in China
AU - Lv, Shiyun
AU - Li, Zhiwei
AU - Li, Haibin
AU - Liu, Mengmeng
AU - Wu, Zhiyuan
AU - Yu, Siqi
AU - Wu, Binqiang
AU - Gao, Bo
AU - Tao, Lixin
AU - Luo, Yanxia
AU - Li, Xia
AU - Guo, Xiuhua
AU - Liu, Xiangtong
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023
PY - 2023/4/1
Y1 - 2023/4/1
N2 - Background: Evidence is less about the associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) components and hypertension. We aimed to examine the long-term effects of PM2.5 components on prevalence of hypertension, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Methods: We included participants between March 1, and July 31, 2021, from 13 provinces in China. Geocoded residential address was used for exposure assignment. Mixed-effect regression was used to assess 3-year average concentrations of PM2.5 and its components (black carbon, organic matter, nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate) on prevalence of hypertension, DBP and SBP with covariate-adjusted. SHapley Additive exPlanation was used to compare the contribution of PM2.5 components to hypertension, DBP, and SBP. Sex and age subgroup were also analyzed. Results: We enrolled a total of 113,159 participants aged ≥18 years. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components (black carbon, organic matter, nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate) had associations with prevalence of hypertension, with the Odds Ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.06 (95%CI: 1.03–1.09), 1.07 (95%CI: 1.04–1.09), 1.07 (95%CI: 1.04–1.10), 1.05 (95%CI: 1.01–1.08), 1.03 (95%CI: 1.00–1.06), and 1.03 (95%CI: 1.00–1.04), respectively. Effects of that except for black carbon on DBP with per interquartile upticks of concentration were 0.23 (95%CI: 0.11–0.35), 0.17 (95%CI: 0.04–0.29), 0.35 (95%CI: 0.21–0.48), 0.40 (95%CI: 0.28–0.52), and 0.25 (95%CI: 0.13–0.26), respectively. Ammonium was associated with SBP, corresponding to an increase of 0.18 (95%CI: 0.01–0.35). Males had higher risks of DBP (Z = 2.54–6.08, P < 0.001). Older people were substantially more affected by PM2.5 and its components. Nitrate showed the highest contribution to hypertension, DBP and SBP compared with other components. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components had adverse consequences on prevalence of hypertension, DBP and SBP, especially for males and older people. Nitrate contributed the highest to hypertension, DBP and SBP. Findings may have implications for pollution and hypertension control.
AB - Background: Evidence is less about the associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) components and hypertension. We aimed to examine the long-term effects of PM2.5 components on prevalence of hypertension, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Methods: We included participants between March 1, and July 31, 2021, from 13 provinces in China. Geocoded residential address was used for exposure assignment. Mixed-effect regression was used to assess 3-year average concentrations of PM2.5 and its components (black carbon, organic matter, nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate) on prevalence of hypertension, DBP and SBP with covariate-adjusted. SHapley Additive exPlanation was used to compare the contribution of PM2.5 components to hypertension, DBP, and SBP. Sex and age subgroup were also analyzed. Results: We enrolled a total of 113,159 participants aged ≥18 years. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components (black carbon, organic matter, nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate) had associations with prevalence of hypertension, with the Odds Ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.06 (95%CI: 1.03–1.09), 1.07 (95%CI: 1.04–1.09), 1.07 (95%CI: 1.04–1.10), 1.05 (95%CI: 1.01–1.08), 1.03 (95%CI: 1.00–1.06), and 1.03 (95%CI: 1.00–1.04), respectively. Effects of that except for black carbon on DBP with per interquartile upticks of concentration were 0.23 (95%CI: 0.11–0.35), 0.17 (95%CI: 0.04–0.29), 0.35 (95%CI: 0.21–0.48), 0.40 (95%CI: 0.28–0.52), and 0.25 (95%CI: 0.13–0.26), respectively. Ammonium was associated with SBP, corresponding to an increase of 0.18 (95%CI: 0.01–0.35). Males had higher risks of DBP (Z = 2.54–6.08, P < 0.001). Older people were substantially more affected by PM2.5 and its components. Nitrate showed the highest contribution to hypertension, DBP and SBP compared with other components. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components had adverse consequences on prevalence of hypertension, DBP and SBP, especially for males and older people. Nitrate contributed the highest to hypertension, DBP and SBP. Findings may have implications for pollution and hypertension control.
KW - Hypertension
KW - PM components
KW - SHapley additive exPlanation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85146731741&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115323
DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115323
M3 - Article
C2 - 36681144
AN - SCOPUS:85146731741
SN - 0013-9351
VL - 222
SP - 115323
JO - Environmental Research
JF - Environmental Research
M1 - 115323
ER -
