Low-Cost Optical Communication System for Short-Range Underwater Applications

This study presents the development of a short-range underwater communication system designed for interaction with a robotic fish, leveraging optical technology to meet the operational requirements of confined aquatic spaces. The methodology focused on the selection and integration of high-brightness LEDs for signal transmission and photodiodes for reception, managed by microcontrollers, ensuring reliable light modulation under varying luminosity conditions. Experiments conducted in both controlled and natural environments confirmed the system's capability to transmit data effectively over short distances, even under challenging conditions with external light interference. The results demonstrate that the proposed system fulfills its intended purpose, providing a reliable and efficient communication solution that significantly enhances the robotic fish's operational performance. This work contributes to advancements in underwater robotics and lays the foundation for future research, including the optimization of transmission range, energy efficiency, and adaptability to complex natural underwater environments.