Manganese ferrite (MnFe₂O₄) nanostructures for cancer theranostics

Over the past decade, transition metal-based ferrite nanostructures, displaying MFe₂O₄ stoichiometry (M²⁺ cations, e.g., Mn, Co, Ni and Zn), have been devised and examined primarily owing to their promising applications in cancer nanomedicine. Among these multi-functional spinel ferrites, manganese ferrite (MnFe₂O₄) deserves special attention because it unveils exciting magnetic properties, high chemical stability, and excellent biocompatibility, which are crucial prerequisites for advanced biomedical applications in solving real-world clinical problems. This review addresses MnFe₂O₄ nanostructures, including their numerous synthesis approaches, detailed physicochemical properties, surface functionalization strategies, cytotoxicity kinetics, along with a particular emphasis on their potential applications in advanced cancer care. Herein, we discuss diverse features of MnFe₂O₄ nanostructures, demonstrating both spherical and anisotropic morphologies and networks as futuristic cancer theranostic agents for efficient employment in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic hyperthermia and targeted drug delivery in a safe, targeted and cost-efficient manner. Finally, future research trends and applications of MnFe₂O₄ nanostructures are also recommended and examined.