Mass transport disturbances in the distal graft/artery junction of a peripheral bypass graft

Intimal hyperplasia (IH) development is a primary cause of failure of reconstructive bypass surgery. While the exact mechanism by which IH initiates and proliferates has yet to be fully elucidated, it is clear that the abnormal haemodynamics present in the downstream graft/artery junction are intrinsic in its development. Mass transport disturbances owing to abnormal haemodynamics have been associated with atherogenesis and it is for this reason that an investigation into transport of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a known promoter of the intimal hyperplastic response, at the downstream graft/artery junction was carried out. A steady flow analysis in a three-dimensional, idealized, downstream graft/artery junction was carried out using commercial computational fluid dynamics software. It was found that there is a two-and-half fold increase in the transport of PDGF to the artery wall at the bed of the junction when compared with an idealized, healthy artery. The presence of secondary flows in the downstream arterial section also leads to large disturbances in mass transport. It was concluded that PDGF transport in the downstream graft/artery junction tends to be highly disturbed and that there may be a role of this disturbance in the initiation and subsequent development of distal anastornotic intimal hyperplasia.