Metal-organic frameworks as a platform for CO₂ capture and chemical processes: Adsorption, membrane separation, catalytic-conversion, and electrochemical reduction of CO₂

The continuous rise in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) is of significant global concern. Several methodologies and technologies are proposed and applied by the industries to mitigate the emissions of CO₂ into the atmosphere. This review article offers a large number of studies that aim to capture, convert, or reduce CO₂ by using a superb porous class of materials (metal-organic frameworks, MOFs), aiming to tackle this worldwide issue. MOFs possess several remarkable features ranging from high surface area and porosity to functionality and morphology. As a result of these unique features, MOFs were selected as the main class of porous material in this review article. MOFs act as an ideal candidate for the CO₂ capture process. The main approaches for capturing CO₂ are pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture, and oxy-fuel combustion capture. The applications of MOFs in the carbon capture processes were extensively overviewed. In addition, the applications of MOFs in the adsorption, membrane separation, catalytic conversion, and electrochemical reduction processes of CO₂ were also studied in order to provide new practical and efficient techniques for CO₂ mitigation.