Modelling of continuous synthesis of bio-inspired silica particles using gaseous CO₂

Bio-inspired route to synthesis of porous silica particles involves fast reactive precipitation (solid–liquid system). The concentration and pH profiles within the reactor determine the properties of produced silica particles and therefore need to be controlled tightly. Unlike conventional synthesis of bio-inspired silica (BIS) using strong aqueous acids, recently we developed a process of synthesizing BIS particles using gaseous CO₂. This gas-liquid-solid (G-L-S) system looks promising as it is easy to maintain desired pH profiles and hence control particle properties by manipulating the mass transfer rate. In this work, we present the mathematical model for simulating pH profile and yield in BIS synthesis using CO₂. The developed model was used to simulate specific silica synthesis experiments. The model was able to capture the experimental data well. It was then used to carry out several numerical experiments for understanding the sensitivity of BIS synthesis using CO₂ to various design and operating parameters. The simulated data was used to train the surrogate models for the silica yield prediction. The models demonstrated good performance with the unseen experimental data. The presented results provide useful insights and guidelines for optimizing CO₂ based silica synthesis process. The presented model is generic and may be extended to other similar fast reactions.