“My suitcases are still not fully unpacked”: Ukrainian refugee mothers under Norwegian temporary collective protection

Purpose: This study explores the lived experiences of Ukrainian refugee mothers who have resettled in Norway under the temporary collective protection scheme. In particular, the research investigates how structural integration mechanisms, psychosocial well-being, and individual aspirations intersect in shaping adaptation processes. Methods: A qualitative design was adopted, using semi-structured interviews with ten Ukrainian refugee mothers residing across different Norwegian municipalities. Analysis was conducted within a critical-realist and contextualist stance using reflexive thematic analysis, with attention to both systemic constraints and agentic responses. Results: Three overarching themes were identified. First, Introduction Programme (IP) Misalignment captures participants’ frustrations with the one-size-fits-all integration model, with particular emphasis on language barriers and the non-recognition of pre-migration professional qualifications. Second, the State of Limbo reflects the psychological distress associated with temporary protection status, ongoing uncertainty, and dependency on welfare mechanisms. Third, Commitment to Staying highlights a future-oriented stance marked by resilience, maternal responsibility, and appreciation for Norwegian safety and values. Discussion: The findings demonstrate that while Ukrainian refugee mothers in Norway face significant institutional and psychological challenges, they also exhibit high levels of motivation and adaptive resilience. Structural barriers compound feelings of liminality and hinder full participation in Norwegian society.