TY - JOUR
T1 - Perceived exertion, time of immersion and physiological correlates in synchronized swimming
AU - Rodríguez-Zamora, L.
AU - Iglesias, X.
AU - Barrero, A.
AU - Chaverri, D.
AU - Irurtia, A.
AU - Erola, P.
AU - Rodríguez, F. A.
PY - 2014/5
Y1 - 2014/5
N2 - This study examined the relationship between ratings of perceived exertion (RPE, CR-10), heart rate (HR), peak blood lactate (Lapeak), and immersion (IM) parameters in 17 elite synchronized swimmers performing 30 solo and duet routines during competition. All were video recorded (50 Hz) and an observational instrument was used to time the IM phases. Differences in the measured variables were tested using a linear mixed-effects model. RPE was 7.7±1.1 and did not differ among routines, and neither did any of the HR parameters. There were differences among routines in Lapeak (F 3,7=16.5; P=0.002), number of IM (F3,15=14.0; P<0.001), total time immersed (F3,16=26.6; P<0.001), percentage of time immersed (F3,13=6.5; P=0.007) and number of IM longer than 10 s (F3,19=3.0; P=0.04). RPE correlated positively to HR pre-activation, range of variation and recovery, IM parameters and Lapeak, and inversely to minimum and mean HR. A hierarchical multiple linear regression (MLR) model (number of IM > 10 s, HR recovery, minimum HR, and La peak) explained 62% RPE variance (adj. Rm 2=0.62; P<0.001). A stepwise MLR model (Lapeak, mean IM time and pre-exercise HR) explained 46% of performance variance (adj. R m 2=0.46; P<0.001). Findings highlight the psycho-physical stress imposed by the combination of intense dynamic exercise with repeated and prolonged apnea intervals during SS events.
AB - This study examined the relationship between ratings of perceived exertion (RPE, CR-10), heart rate (HR), peak blood lactate (Lapeak), and immersion (IM) parameters in 17 elite synchronized swimmers performing 30 solo and duet routines during competition. All were video recorded (50 Hz) and an observational instrument was used to time the IM phases. Differences in the measured variables were tested using a linear mixed-effects model. RPE was 7.7±1.1 and did not differ among routines, and neither did any of the HR parameters. There were differences among routines in Lapeak (F 3,7=16.5; P=0.002), number of IM (F3,15=14.0; P<0.001), total time immersed (F3,16=26.6; P<0.001), percentage of time immersed (F3,13=6.5; P=0.007) and number of IM longer than 10 s (F3,19=3.0; P=0.04). RPE correlated positively to HR pre-activation, range of variation and recovery, IM parameters and Lapeak, and inversely to minimum and mean HR. A hierarchical multiple linear regression (MLR) model (number of IM > 10 s, HR recovery, minimum HR, and La peak) explained 62% RPE variance (adj. Rm 2=0.62; P<0.001). A stepwise MLR model (Lapeak, mean IM time and pre-exercise HR) explained 46% of performance variance (adj. R m 2=0.46; P<0.001). Findings highlight the psycho-physical stress imposed by the combination of intense dynamic exercise with repeated and prolonged apnea intervals during SS events.
KW - RPE
KW - apnea
KW - blood lactate
KW - heart rate
KW - synchronized swimming
KW - water immersion
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84899975046&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1055/s-0033-1353177
DO - 10.1055/s-0033-1353177
M3 - Article
C2 - 24081620
AN - SCOPUS:84899975046
SN - 0172-4622
VL - 35
SP - 403
EP - 411
JO - International Journal of Sports Medicine
JF - International Journal of Sports Medicine
IS - 5
ER -