Policy instruments for forest resilience: An Analysis of Irish forest policy and nature restoration measures

Forests in Ireland are increasingly exposed to climatic, ecological, and socio-institutional pressures that challenge their long-term resilience. Irish forest policy has been under continuous development since the early 20th century and the impact of Forest policy on land use can be either proactive (e.g. planning of ecosystem services) or reactive (e.g. responses to climatic changes). The objective of this study is to examine the impact of forest policy on forest resilience and nature restoration. Using a qualitative policy analysis approach, the research investigates national strategy and policy documents related to forestry from 1989 to 2023 and associated nature restoration measures to trace policy evolution, identify key drivers of change, and examine how resilience and restoration objectives are operationalised through policy instruments over time. By situating Irish forest policy within broader debates on climate adaptation, biodiversity governance, and multifunctional land use, the research contributes to a clearer understanding of how forest policy is responding to intersecting environmental challenges.