Promoting health and inclusion of people with refugee backgrounds through horticulture: A mixed-methods systematic review

The number of displaced people has been increasing globally in recent decades. Addressing the health and inclusion needs of displaced people and refugees is crucial for the wellbeing of both host and migrant communities. To do so effectively, health and community-based services must consider social determinants of health and develop culturally sensitive, holistic, sustainable supports that cater for diverse communities. This mixed-methods systematic review explores the use of horticulture to promote health and inclusion of refugees. Four electronic databases were searched for research articles from 2015 to 2024, resulting in the inclusion of 20 peer-reviewed studies. A ‘best-fit’ framework synthesis was used to integrate and analyze the qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods results. The findings suggest that engaging in horticultural activities can promote key aspects of refugee health, including mental, physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, cognitive, and economic wellbeing. Additionally, horticultural activities can enhance social inclusion through fostering social connections, social capital, collective identity, and intercultural exchange. Drawing on theories from psychology, social geography, and landscape research, the analysis offers valuable insights for the development of theory, policy, and practice.