Abstract
Immunosensor devices detect or monitor a variety of analytes, especially biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and organic pollutants for environmental issues. The competition among technologies for immunosensor fabrication relies on the short response time, selectivity, sensitivity, simplicity, and user-friendliness. On the other hand, miniaturized, portable, and automated immunosensors have been introduced to the market via innovative fabrication methods which require less sample volume. Inventively, the signal in the new generation of immunosensors is captured and interpreted easily via smartphones. Nowadays, a trace amount of important biological compounds ranging from small molecules (e.g., natural toxins) to macromolecules (e.g., antigens, the whole cells, pathogenic bacteria, or viruses) are detected by immunosensor devices. Two main transduction techniques are commonly applied: optical technologies (luminescence, absorption, and emission) and electrochemical techniques (amperometry, potentiometry, voltammetry, electrochemiluminescence (ECL), photoelectrochemistry, piezoelectric, impedance, and field-effect transistor). There are several reviews and book chapters every year that show the importance of this field of study. This book chapter describes the recent progress of immunosensors including the conventional optical and electrochemical methodologies (e.g., amperometry, voltammetry, photoelectrochemistry, ECL, and impedance) and the new emerging electroanalytical devices and platforms. The inventive signal amplification methods taking advantage of enzyme, DNA, and nanomaterial are notably discussed. In addition, novel devices and platforms for early detection or disease progress monitoring by diagnosing important biomarkers are summarized. Some of these methods, such as microfluidic and paper-based platforms, electrode arrays and chips, portable devices, glucose meter, and smartphones are described in detail.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | The Detection of Biomarkers |
Subtitle of host publication | Past, Present, and the Future Prospects |
Publisher | Elsevier |
Pages | 335-368 |
Number of pages | 34 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9780128228593 |
ISBN (Print) | 9780128230756 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Jan 2022 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Antibody
- biosensor
- electrochemical sensor
- healthcare
- immunosensor