Remote preconditioning and major clinical complications following adult cardiovascular surgery: Systematic review and meta-analysis

D. A. Healy, W. A. Khan, C. S. Wong, M. Clarke Moloney, P. A. Grace, J. C. Coffey, C. Dunne, S. R. Walsh, U. Sadat, M. E. Gaunt, S. Chen, S. Tehrani, D. J. Hausenloy, D. M. Yellon, R. S. Kramer, R. F. Zimmerman, V. V. Lomivorotov, V. A. Shmyrev, D. N. Ponomarev, I. A. RahmanJ. G. Mascaro, R. S. Bonser, Y. Jeon, D. M. Hong, R. Wagner, M. Thielmann, G. Heusch, K. Zacharowski, P. Meybohm, B. Bein, T. Y. Tang

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Background A number of 'proof-of-concept' trials suggest that remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) reduces surrogate markers of end-organ injury in patients undergoing major cardiovascular surgery. To date, few studies have involved hard clinical outcomes as primary end-points. Methods Randomised clinical trials of RIPC in major adult cardiovascular surgery were identified by a systematic review of electronic abstract databases, conference proceedings and article reference lists. Clinical end-points were extracted from trial reports. In addition, trial principal investigators provided unpublished clinical outcome data. Results In total, 23 trials of RIPC in 2200 patients undergoing major adult cardiovascular surgery were identified. RIPC did not have a significant effect on clinical end-points (death, peri-operative myocardial infarction (MI), renal failure, stroke, mesenteric ischaemia, hospital or critical care length of stay). Conclusion Pooled data from pilot trials cannot confirm that RIPC has any significant effect on clinically relevant end-points. Heterogeneity in study inclusion and exclusion criteria and in the type of preconditioning stimulus limits the potential for extrapolation at present. An effort must be made to clarify the optimal preconditioning stimulus. Following this, large-scale trials in a range of patient populations are required to ascertain the role of this simple, cost-effective intervention in routine practice.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)20-31
Number of pages12
JournalInternational Journal of Cardiology
Volume176
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Sep 2014
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Cardioprotection
  • Cardiovascular surgery
  • Ischaemic preconditioning
  • Remote ischaemic preconditioning
  • Systematic review

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