TY - JOUR
T1 - Sex differences in Parkinson's disease
T2 - Features on clinical symptoms, treatment outcome, sexual hormones and genetics
AU - Jurado-Coronel, Juan Camilo
AU - Cabezas, Ricardo
AU - Ávila Rodríguez, Marco Fidel
AU - Echeverria, Valentina
AU - García-Segura, Luis Miguel
AU - Barreto, George E.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2018/7
Y1 - 2018/7
N2 - Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Sex is an important factor in the development of PD, as reflected by the fact that it is more common in men than in women by an approximate ratio of 2:1. Our hypothesis is that differences in PD among men and women are highly determined by sex-dependent differences in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, which arise from environmental, hormonal and genetic influences. Sex hormones, specifically estrogens, influence PD pathogenesis and might play an important role in PD differences between men and women. The objective of this review was to discuss the PD physiopathology and point out sex differences in nigrostriatal degeneration, symptoms, genetics, responsiveness to treatments and biochemical and molecular mechanisms among patients suffering from this disease. Finally, we discuss the role estrogens may have on PD sex differences.
AB - Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Sex is an important factor in the development of PD, as reflected by the fact that it is more common in men than in women by an approximate ratio of 2:1. Our hypothesis is that differences in PD among men and women are highly determined by sex-dependent differences in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, which arise from environmental, hormonal and genetic influences. Sex hormones, specifically estrogens, influence PD pathogenesis and might play an important role in PD differences between men and women. The objective of this review was to discuss the PD physiopathology and point out sex differences in nigrostriatal degeneration, symptoms, genetics, responsiveness to treatments and biochemical and molecular mechanisms among patients suffering from this disease. Finally, we discuss the role estrogens may have on PD sex differences.
KW - 6-OHDA
KW - Estradiol
KW - Motor symptoms
KW - MPTP
KW - Nigrostriatal degeneration
KW - Non-motor symptoms
KW - Parkinson's disease
KW - Sex
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85030773072&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.09.002
DO - 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.09.002
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28974386
AN - SCOPUS:85030773072
SN - 0091-3022
VL - 50
SP - 18
EP - 30
JO - Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
JF - Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
ER -