Systematic Mapping Study on Energy Optimization Solutions in Smart Building Structure: Opportunities and Challenges

Currently building structure sector takes lead in energy consumption across the globe and is expected to increase by 2% every year. Consequently, being a major energy consumer, it's required to make effort for energy conservation as well. However, this energy conservation has to be in line with occupant thermal comfort. Recent advancement in the Internet of Things concepts attempts to transform residential areas into an energy-aware environment with aimed to reduce energy waste and automate home activities. To identify research trends and challenges in this area the study adopted the Kincham approach to performing review analysis. Our study reveals despite the benefit of this innovation, only resident with two or more unit building structure is mostly benefiting from this opportunity. Out of 94 studies considered 67 are proposed solutions. To find the trend of the research we classified the proposed solution into the topic domain (architecture, algorithm, platform, framework, and model) and it shows that trends moving toward proposing an algorithm to optimize energy consumption in the smart building structure. The study also performed an analytical evaluation on a proposed solution to assess their quality attributes and our evaluation reveals none of the studies considered security in their solution. Finally, the study identifies challenges that bottleneck the development and acceptance of this innovation into societies.