@inproceedings{1db46f23e681410cac9b4e20d2f75007,
title = "The best things Don{\textquoteright}t always come in small packages: Constant creation in grammatical evolution",
abstract = "This paper evaluates the performance of various methods to constant creation in Grammatical Evolution (GE), and validates the results against those from Genetic Programming (GP). Constant creation in GE is an important issue due to the disruptive nature of ripple crossover, which can radically remap multiple terminals in an individual, and we investigate if more compact methods, which are more similar to the GP style of constant creation (Ephemeral Random Constants (ERCs), perform better. The results are surprising. The GE methods all perform significantly better than GP on unseen test data, and we demonstrate that the standard GE approach of digit concatenation does not produce individuals that are any larger than those from methods which are designed to use less genetic material.",
keywords = "Constants, Digit concatenation, Genetic programming, Grammatical evolution, Symbolic regression",
author = "Azad, \{R. Muhammad Atif\} and Conor Ryan",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014.; 17th European Conference on Genetic Programming, EuroGP 2014 ; Conference date: 23-04-2014 Through 25-04-2014",
year = "2014",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-662-44303-3\_16",
language = "English",
series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)",
publisher = "Springer Verlag",
pages = "186--197",
editor = "Miguel Nicolau and Krzysztof Krawiec and Heywood, \{Malcolm I.\} and Mauro Castelli and Pablo Garc{\'i}a-S{\'a}nchez and Merelo, \{Juan J.\} and \{Rivas Santos\}, \{Victor M.\} and Kevin Sim",
booktitle = "Genetic Programming - 17th European Conference, EuroGP 2014, Revised Selected Papers",
}